Narrow fairways : getting by & falling behind in the new India

India remains a country mired in poverty, with two-thirds of its 1.2 billion people living on little more than a few dollars day.

Just as telling, the country's informal working population numbers nearly 500 million, or approximately 80 percent of the entire labor force.

Despite these figures and the related structural disadvantages that imperil the lives of so many, the Indian elite hold fast to the idea that the poor need only work harder and show some discipline and they, too, can become rich.

The results of this ambitious ten-year ethnography at exclusive golf clubs in Bangalore shatter such self-serving illusions.

In Narrow Fairways, Patrick Inglis combines participant observation, interviews, and archival research to show how social mobility among the poor lower-caste golf caddies who carry the golf sets of wealthy upper-caste members at these clubs is ultimately constrained and narrowed.

The book highlights how elites secure and extend class and caste privileges, while also delivering a necessary rebuke to India's present development strategy, which pays far too little attention to promoting quality health care, education, and other basic social services that would deliver real opportunities to the poor.