Superfund and Mining Megasites : Lessons from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin

For more than 100 years, the Coeur d' Alene River Basin has been known as "The Silver Valley" for being one of the most productive silver, lead, and zinc mining areas in the United States.

Over time, high levels of metals (including lead, arsenic, cadmium, and zinc) were discovered in the local environment and elevated blood lead levels were found in children in communities near the metal-refining and smelter complex.

In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed a 21-square mile mining area in northern Idaho as a Superfund site.

EPA extended those boundaries in 1998 to include areas throughout the 1500-square mile area Coeur d'Alene River Basin project area.

Under Superfund, EPA has developed a plan to clean up the contaminated area that will cost an estimated $359 million over 3 decades-and this effort is only the first step in the cleanup process.

Superfund and Mining Megasites: Lessons from Coeur d'Alene River Basin evaluates the issues and concerns that have been raised regarding EPA's decisions about cleaning up the area.

The scientific and technical practices used by EPA to make decisions about human health risks at the Coeur d'Alene River Basin Superfund site are generally sound; however, there are substantial concerns regarding environmental protection decisions, particularly dealing with the effectiveness of long-term plans. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Historical Background3 The Coeur d'Alene System4 Remedial Investigation Assessment5 Human Health Risk Assessment in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin6 Human Health Risk Assessment: Lead Exposure and Uptake - Use ofthe IEUBK Model7 Ecologic Risk Assessment8 Remediation Objectives and Approaches9 Mining Megasites: Lessons LearnedAppendix A Statement of Task and Committee BiosketchesAppendix B Evaluation of the Methodology to Determine BackgroundConcentrations in the Lower BasinAppendix C Detailed Comments on the Integrated Exposure UptakeBiokinetic Implementation CodeAppendix D Procedures Used in Model ComparisonsAppendix E Crustal Element Analyses for Following Soil LeadTransportAppendix F Assessment of the Probabilistic Model for EstimatingMetal Loading and Effectiveness of Remedial Action