Process Variables : Four Common Elements of Counseling and Psychotherapy

This volume introduces theories and research regarding four process variables - therapeutic relationship, client expectations, emotional expression and experiencing, and cognitive insight - and demonstrates the link between research and applied psychology.

Focuses systematically on the anxieties of beginning students in counseling it includes direct quotes of students as they talk about their fears and anxieties followed by responses to these fears from experienced therapists.

Part One considers common elements among the differing theories and includes appropriate research concerning the four process variables while part two focuses on implementation of the four process variables of change, demonstrating to readers that differences between major styles of therapy are directly related to the degree to which they emphasize each of the process variables.