City of equals

When we think about equality in the city, we are very likely to think first of the wide and growing divide between rich and poor, in material terms.

Yet when we think more about a 'city of equals' it becomes apparent that how people feel treated by the city and those around them, and whether they can live according to their values, are much more central.

Accordingly, combining their own reflections, a multi-disciplinary literature review, and, distinctively, more than 180 interviews in 10 cities in 6 countries, Wolff and de Shalit have derived an account of a city of equals based on the idea that it should give each of its city-zens a secure sense of place or belonging.

Four underlying values structure this account. First, access to the goods and services of the city should not be based purely on the market.

Second, each person should be able to live a life they find meaningful.

Third, there should be diversity and wide social mixing.

Fourth, there should be 'non-deferential inclusion': each person should be able to get access to what they are entitled to without being treated as less worthy than others.

They should be able to enjoy their rights without bowing and scraping, waiting longer than others, or going through special bureaucratic hurdles.

In sum, in a city of equals each person is proud of their city and has the (justified) feeling that their city is proud of (people like) them. This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] licence.

It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.